Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mbale zadothi kunayamba mu 1918, nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse itatha, pamene Mtsamunda Newell Monroe Hopkins anapeza kuti kuvala zida zachitsulo ndi glaze ya ceramic kungalimbikitse kwambiri chitetezo chake.
Ngakhale kuti zida za ceramic zidadziwika koyambirira, sizinatenge nthawi yayitali kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pankhondo.
Mayiko oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zida za ceramic anali wakale wa Soviet Union, ndipo asitikali aku US adazigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pankhondo ya Vietnam, koma zida za ceramic zidangowoneka ngati zida zodzitetezera mzaka zaposachedwa chifukwa chazovuta zam'mbuyomu komanso zovuta zaukadaulo.
M'malo mwake, alumina ceramic idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zankhondo ku UK mu 1980, ndipo gulu lankhondo laku US linapanga SAPI yoyamba ya "plug-in board" m'ma 1990, yomwe inali zida zoteteza panthawiyo.Mulingo wake wachitetezo wa NIJIII utha kupha zipolopolo zambiri zomwe zitha kuwopseza oyenda pansi, koma asitikali aku US sanakhutire ndi izi.ESAPI idabadwa.
ESAPI
Panthawiyo, chitetezo cha ESAPI sichinali chosokoneza kwambiri, ndipo chitetezo cha NIJIV chinapangitsa kuti chiwonekere ndikupulumutsa miyoyo ya asilikali osawerengeka.Momwe zimachitira mwina si chidwi kwambiri.
Kuti timvetsetse momwe ESAPI imagwirira ntchito, tiyenera kumvetsetsa kapangidwe kake kaye.Zida zambiri za ceramic ndi chandamale cha ceramic + chandamale chachitsulo / chosakhala chitsulo kumbuyo, ndipo gulu lankhondo la US ESAPI limagwiritsanso ntchito dongosololi.
M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito silicon carbide ceramic yomwe imagwira ntchito komanso "yachuma", Asitikali aku US adagwiritsa ntchito zida zodula kwambiri za boron carbide ceramic ku ESAPI.Pandege yakumbuyo, asitikali aku US adagwiritsa ntchito UHMW-PE, yomwe inalinso yodula kwambiri panthawiyo.Mtengo wa UHMW-PE woyambirira udaposanso wa BORON carbide.
Zindikirani: chifukwa cha batch ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, kevlar itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mbale yothandizira ndi asitikali aku US.
Mitundu ya ceramics ya bulletproof:
Zida za ceramic, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti structural ceramics, zimakhala ndi kulimba kwambiri, mawonekedwe apamwamba a modulus, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito potupa zitsulo, monga kugaya mipira ya ceramic, mutu wa zida za ceramic.Mu zida zophatikizika, zida zadothi nthawi zambiri zimasewera "chiwonongeko chankhondo".Pali mitundu yambiri ya ceramic pazida zankhondo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi alumina ceramics (AI²O³), silicon carbide ceramics (SiC), boron carbide ceramics (B4C).
Makhalidwe awo ndi awa:
Zoumba za aluminiyamu zimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kwambiri, koma kuuma kwake kumakhala kotsika, malo opangira zinthu ndi otsika, mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo.Makampaniwa ali ndi chiyero chosiyana amagawidwa mu -85/90/95/99 alumina zoumba, chizindikiro chake ndi apamwamba chiyero, kuuma ndi mtengo ndi apamwamba.
Kachulukidwe ka silicon carbide ndi wocheperako, kuuma komweko kumakhala kocheperako, ndi kwa kapangidwe kazoumba zotsika mtengo, kotero kuti zida zambiri zapanyumba zapanyumba zimagwiritsa ntchito zoumba za silicon carbide.
Boron carbide ceramics mu mitundu iyi ya ceramics mu kachulukidwe otsika kwambiri, mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri, ndi teknoloji yake yopangira zinthu ndizofunikira kwambiri, kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kuthamanga kwapamwamba, kotero mtengo wake ndizitsulo zodula kwambiri.
Kutenga NIJ kalasi ⅲ mbale mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kulemera kwa alumina ceramic Ikani mbale ndi 200g ~ 300g kuposa pakachitsulo carbide ceramic Ikani mbale, ndi 400g ~ 500g kuposa boron carbide ceramic Ikani mbale.Koma mtengo wake ndi 1/2 wa silicon carbide ceramic insert plate ndi 1/6 ya boron carbide ceramic insert plate, motero mbale yoyikapo alumina ceramic imakhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo ndi yamakampani omwe akutsogolera msika.
Poyerekeza ndi mbale yachitsulo yosanjikiza zipolopolo, mbale yophatikizika/ceramic bulletproof ili ndi mwayi wosagonjetseka!
Choyamba, zida zachitsulo zimagunda zida zachitsulo zofanana ndi projectile.Pafupi ndi liwiro lolowera, kulephera kwa mbale yomwe chandamale kumakhala makamaka ma craters ndi shear slugs, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa kinetic makamaka kumadalira ntchito yakumeta ubweya wopangidwa ndi mapindikidwe apulasitiki ndi ma slugs.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa zida zankhondo za ceramic mwachiwonekere ndikwambiri kuposa zida zachitsulo zofananira.
Zochita za ceramic chandamale zimagawidwa m'njira zisanu
1: denga lachipolopolo lathyoledwa m'zidutswa ting'onoting'ono, ndipo kuphwanyidwa kwa mutu wa nkhondo kumawonjezera malo omwe akukhudzidwa, kuti amwaze katundu pa mbale ya ceramic.
2: ming'alu imawonekera pamwamba pa zoumba zomwe zimakhudzidwa, ndikufalikira kunja kuchokera pamalo okhudzidwa.
3: Gawo lamphamvu lomwe lili ndi mafunde amphamvu a zone kutsogolo mkati mwa ceramic, kotero kuti ceramic idasweka, ufa wopangidwa kuchokera kudera lomwe likuzungulira kuzungulira projectile ikuwulukira.
4: ming'alu kumbuyo kwa ceramic, kuwonjezera pa ming'alu yozungulira, ming'alu yomwe imagawidwa mu chulucho, kuwonongeka kudzachitika mu chulucho.
5: ceramic mu chulucho imathyoledwa muzidutswa pansi pa zovuta zovuta, pamene projectile ikukhudza ceramic pamwamba, mphamvu zambiri za kinetic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powononga malo ozungulira a cone, awiri ake amatengera makina ndi miyeso ya geometric. zinthu za projectile ndi ceramic.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizomwe zimayankhira zida za ceramic pamayendedwe otsika / apakatikati.Momwemo, mawonekedwe oyankha a liwiro la projectile ≤V50.Kuthamanga kwa projectile kukakwera kuposa V50, projectile ndi ceramic zimakokoloka, ndikupanga malo ophwanyira ma mescall pomwe zida zonse zankhondo ndi ma projectile amawoneka ngati madzi.
Zotsatira zomwe zimalandiridwa ndi backplane ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo ndondomekoyi ndi yamitundu itatu m'chilengedwe, ndi kugwirizana pakati pa zigawo ziwiri ndi kudutsa zigawo zoyandikana ndi fiber.
M'mawu osavuta, kupsinjika kwamphamvu kuchokera ku nsalu yotchinga kupita ku utomoni wa utomoni kenako mpaka gawo loyandikana nalo, kupsinjika kwa mafunde amtundu wa fiber mphambano, kumabweretsa kubalalitsidwa kwamphamvu yamphamvu, kufalikira kwa mafunde mu utomoni wa utomoni, kupatukana kwa utomoni. nsalu wosanjikiza ndi kusamuka kwa nsalu wosanjikiza kumawonjezera luso la gulu kuyamwa mphamvu kinetic.Kusamuka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa ng'ambo ndi kufalitsa komanso kupatukana kwa zigawo za nsalu zapayekha kumatha kuyamwa mphamvu zochulukirapo.
Pakuyesera kukana kulowa mkati mwa zida za ceramic zophatikizika, kuyesa koyerekeza kumatengedwa mu labotale, ndiye kuti, mfuti ya gasi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kulowa.
Chifukwa chiyani Linry Armor ali ndi mwayi wamtengo wapatali monga wopanga zolowetsa zipolopolo m'zaka zaposachedwa?Pali zinthu ziwiri zazikulu:
(1) Chifukwa cha zosowa za uinjiniya, pakufunika kwambiri zoumba zadothi, kotero mtengo wa zoumba ndi zotsika kwambiri [kugawana mtengo].
(2) Monga opanga zida zopangira ndi zomalizidwa zimakonzedwa m'mafakitole athu, kotero kuti titha kupereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri komanso mitengo yabwino kwambiri yamashopu osawombera zipolopolo ndi anthu pawokha.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-18-2021